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High Frequency Trading for sure will affect retail traders since HFT will add more liquidities and price actions. However, it is hard to say if it is beneficial or not since there is always pros and cons to any situation.

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There has been a big debate over HFT and its effect on the markets. In the stock markets its effect has definitely been felt especially since it can be seen on Level 2 by traders. Given the sheer volume and size of the forex market I don't think its that transparent and felt as easily to the Retail trader. Everything I have read on them is geared towards the stock markets not the forex

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High Frequency Trading will affect retail investors big time because HFT firms have no market making obligations. They can walk away during a time of duress in any given equity -- for example, when a bad earnings report releases, Hight Frequency Traders can simply walk away and cause the stock to fall off a cliff, thereby seriously damaging the small retail investor.

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High Frequency Trading (HFT) is essentially extremely fast trading. The owners of these supercomputers who program them are able to take advantage of information milliseconds faster than other computers, and whole seconds faster than ordinary retail traders. Most HFT programs used by large financial institutions and hedge funds focus on the stock markets because they can buy the valuable data from the exchanges.

As high frequency traders are able to gain information on orders and market movements more quickly than the market as a whole, this speed advantage can affect the retail traders in a number of ways.

HFT does not provide value to the market. Its volume can generate false trading signals which could lead traders (i.e momentum traders) to take up misleading or exaggerating moves on the market, than they would otherwise. The liquidity provided may be of inferior quality.

HFT unfiltered access allows certain participants to gain unfair latency advantages. Retail investors without advanced computer systems are unable to get fair prices. Just as insider trading feeds on knowledge about company financials, HFT users are trading on insider knowledge about market order flow, information that is not readily available to the average retail trader. Critics say that HFT systems that front-run are able to garner risk-free profits which is tantamount to guaranteed loss for the retail trader.

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What might indeed be a problem is something associated, but which is not in fact high frequency trading, something called flash trading. What seems to be causing confusion is the way in which the two practices are assumed to be the same. high-frequency trading implies speed: Using supercomputers, firms make trades in a matter of microseconds, or one-millionth of a second. Goals vary. Some trading firms try to catch fleeting moves in everything from stocks to currencies to commodities. They hunt for "signals," such as the movement of interest rates, that indicate which way parts of the market may move in short periods. Some try to find ways to take advantage of subtle quirks in the infrastructure of trading. Rather than this "high speed trading" moniker we'd do better to use the "arbitrage trading" one for that's what this really is, a class of arbitrage.

Not a satisfactory answer because you simply doing cut and paste, without answering how it affect retail investor at all.